Protostar formation is the process by which dense regions within interstellar clouds collapse under their own gravity, leading to the formation of a protostar. These regions are typically composed of gas and dust, with the gas undergoing gravitational collapse and heating up as it becomes more dense. As the protostar continues to accrete material from its surrounding cloud, it grows in mass and temperature, eventually igniting nuclear fusion in its core and becoming a full-fledged star. Researchers in this field study the physical processes and conditions that lead to the formation of protostars, as well as the feedback mechanisms between newly formed stars and their surrounding environment. Understanding protostar formation is crucial for gaining insights into the early stages of star formation and the evolution of galaxies. This research area often involves observational studies using telescopes to observe protostars at various stages of formation, as well as theoretical modeling to simulate the complex physical processes involved.